COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EDUCATION SERVICE QUALITY ASSURANCE IMPLEMENTATION AMONG AZERBAIJAN, VIETNAM, AND INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract-Quality assurance (QA) in higher education has become a critical global concern in ensuring institutional effectiveness and continuous improvement. This study aims to compare the implementation of education service quality assurance in Azerbaijan, Vietnam, and Indonesia, focusing on QA frameworks, governance, institutional capacity, challenges, and outcomes. A qualitative comparative research design was employed using thematic analysis of secondary data sources, guided by purposive sampling. The findings reveal that all three countries demonstrate convergence toward internationally aligned QA systems; however, variations exist in implementation due to differences in governance structures, policy influence, institutional readiness, and quality culture. Vietnam shows the most balanced and effective implementation, driven by strong state support and increasing autonomy, while Indonesia faces challenges related to resource limitations and a quality culture despite having a comprehensive framework. Azerbaijan exhibits strong external alignment but limited internal QA maturity. The study concludes that effective QA implementation requires integration of policy alignment, institutional capacity, and continuous improvement practices rather than reliance on compliance alone. It is recommended that policymakers strengthen institutional capacity and promote quality culture, while future research should expand comparative scope and methodological approaches.