Community Perceptions of Surfing Tourism Impacts in Lanuza, Surigao del Sur, Philippines: A Triple Bottom Line Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Guided by the Triple Bottom Line framework, this mixed-methods study examined how residents evaluate the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental effects of surfing tourism in Lanuza, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Data from 196 survey respondents, 15 key informant interviews, and three focus group discussions showed that surfing tourism has strengthened community pride, cultural identity, livelihood opportunities, and local entrepreneurship. At the same time, residents raised concerns about unequal benefits, changes in youth lifestyles, waste generation, and pressure on coastal resources. The study highlights the need for inclusive governance, fairer benefit sharing, and stronger environmental management.