From Mythology to Modern Media: The Evolution of Haryanvi Raagni through the Works of Pandit Lakhmi Chand, Jat Mehar Singh, and Rajender Kharkiya

Abstract

Abstract: Oral traditions have played a vital role in preserving cultural memory, indigenous knowledge, and collective identity across generations. Within this broader tradition, Haryanvi folk poetry has emerged as a significant literary and performative form that reflects the region's social values, historical consciousness, and cultural identity. Although existing scholarship has largely focused on individual performers or specific themes, limited attention has been given to the historical evolution of Haryanvi Raagni across successive generations. This study addresses this gap by comparatively examining the literary contributions of Pandit Lakhmi Chand, Jat Mehar Singh, and Rajender Kharkiya, representing three distinct phases in the development of Haryanvi folk poetry: literary-philosophical consolidation, historical-nationalist expansion, and contemporary revitalisation. Using a qualitative comparative methodology supported by textual analysis, historical sources, and secondary scholarship, the study traces the transformation of thematic concerns, literary expression, and performance practices. The analysis demonstrates the thematic shift in Raagni from mythology and morality to history, rural realities, and modern cultural expression. The study highlights the dynamic evolution of Haryanvi Raagni and its contributions to Indian folk literature, oral traditions, and performance studies.