The role of the political system and administrative transparency in promoting the protection of citizens' fundamental rights: A comparative study in light of the Iraqi and Egyptian experiences

Abstract

This research aims to demonstrate the role of the political system and administrative transparency in promoting the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. It does so by studying and analyzing the impact of the nature of the political system and the mechanisms of public administration on guaranteeing rights and freedoms in both Iraq and Egypt. The research also seeks to reveal the similarities and differences between the two experiences in protecting constitutional rights and achieving social justice. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, examining concepts related to the political system, transparency, and fundamental rights. Furthermore, it utilizes a comparative approach to analyze constitutional and legal texts and practical experiences in Iraq and Egypt. The research concludes with several key findings, most notably that constitutional recognition of rights and freedoms is insufficient to guarantee their protection unless accompanied by effective implementation mechanisms and independent institutions. Administrative transparency is a fundamental tool for fostering trust between citizens and the state and reducing corruption. The study also reveals shared challenges in both countries, including the weak practical application of some legal guarantees and the varying levels of effectiveness of oversight and judicial institutions. This necessitates developing the institutional system and strengthening the principles of governance and accountability to ensure more effective protection of citizens' fundamental rights. The study also highlights common challenges in both countries, such as the weak practical application of some legal guarantees and the varying levels of effectiveness of oversight and judicial institutions. These challenges necessitate developing the institutional framework and strengthening the principles of governance and accountability to ensure more effective protection of citizens' fundamental rights.