The Influence of Therapeutic Communities on the Psychological, Behavioral, and Psychomotor-Vocational Development of Parolees and Probationers in Samar

Abstract

Therapeutic Communities (TCs) are widely implemented in community-based correctional programs to promote rehabilitation among parolees and probationers. While existing studies highlight the effectiveness of TCs in fostering behavioral and psychological change, limited attention has been given to how these gains translate into vocational readiness and lawful livelihood. This study examined the role of Therapeutic Communities in the psychological behavioral management and psychomotor-vocational learning skills of parolees and probationers in Samar. Using a qualitative-dominant explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 160 parolees and probationers through a structured survey, followed by in-depth interviews with seven key participants. Quantitative analysis revealed satisfactory to very satisfactory levels of psychological behavioral management, particularly in behavioral accountability and emotional regulation. In contrast, psychomotor-vocational learning skills were rated low, indicating dissatisfaction with practical skill acquisition, employment-related training, and readiness for independent living. Statistical analysis further showed a weak relationship between behavioral management and vocational skills, confirming a disconnect between internal rehabilitation and employment preparedness. Qualitative findings explained this gap through participants’ lived experiences, highlighting limited vocational training, lack of credentials, employment stigma, and constrained labor-market opportunities as major barriers to reintegration. Despite these challenges, participants expressed strong aspirations for lawful livelihood, economic stability, and peaceful reintegration. The findings suggest that while Therapeutic Communities are effective in achieving psychological and behavioral rehabilitation, they remain insufficient in preparing participants for vocational reintegration. The study underscores the need for an integrated behavioral–vocational framework that intentionally links therapeutic change with market-aligned skills training and employment support. Future research may examine such integrated interventions across multiple contexts and through longitudinal designs to assess sustained reintegration outcomes.