The Social Impact of Antibiotic Misuse and Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

 The misuse of antibiotics and AMR (antimicrobial resistance) is a major instantaneous sociomedical threat that is more than just treatment-related failure in the clinic. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, self-medication, patient demand, weak regulation, misinformation, agriculture use and low public awareness are contributing to the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. This paper served to highlight such relevant finding. The impact of AMR results in more disease, and death and also creates uncertainties in diagnosis, extension of hospital stay, complicating treatment and increased health-care cost making it a burden on already stilted health systems. The social impact of resistance is most severe in low- and middle-income countries, where poverty, inadequate access to qualified health care, unregulated medicine markets and unsatisfactory sanitation favor its spread. The economic and labor consequences of antibiotic misuse include increased spending by patients, productivity loss, prolonged illness, and reallocation of public money to surveillance and infection control. Manuscripts are made on integrating humans, veterinary agriculture environmental behavior and proper humanity based one health approach, it is basically it to. Essential responses include antimicrobial stewardship, prescription regulations, public education and community engagement, surveillance systems, better diagnostics, responsible veterinary antibiotic use, new antimicrobials, and alternative therapies.  The scientific innovation is important to address AMR. However, to ensure responsible and rational use of antibiotics, comprehensive social, behavioral, economic and policy interventions will be needed..