Artificial Intelligence and Daoist Philosophy: Rethinking Technology, Nature, and Ethical Harmony

Abstract

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern society by influencing governance, communication, health care, education, and economics. Although technological advancement has resulted in increased efficiency and innovation, it has also raised ethical concerns about environmental sustainability, human autonomy, technological overdependence, and the disruption of the human–nature relationship. In response to these concerns, Daoist philosophy offers an important intellectual framework for reconsidering the ethical underpinnings of modern technological development. This paper examines the philosophy of artificial intelligence from a Daoist perspective, focusing on classical Daoist concepts such as Dao (the Way), Wu Wei (non-coercive action), and Ziran (naturalness), as presented in Laozi's writings and traditional Daoist philosophy. Daoism values harmony, balance, simplicity, and conformity to the natural order, which are diametrically opposed to our current drive for technological control, optimization, and continuous expansion. The paper discusses how modern AI systems, which are driven by surveillance, automation, and data-centric governance, risk creating an imbalance between human life, society, and the environment. In contrast, the Daoist philosophy promotes moderation, adaptive coexistence, and restraint, offering an alternative ethical perspective on valuation.