Etiology And Outcomes Of Sari Among Children Aged 0 To 5 Yrs In Tamilnadu- A Retrospective Study

Abstract

 Background:Severe Acute Respiratory Infection is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization among children under five years of age worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Viral pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A, and adenovirus contribute significantly to severe respiratory illness in young children. Understanding the etiological distribution and clinical outcomes of these infections is essential for improving management and preventive strategies.

Objective:To evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of SARI among children aged 0–5 years in Tamil Nadu.

Methods:This retrospective study included children aged 0–5 years diagnosed with SARI. Clinical records were reviewed to collect demographic data, presenting symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiological findings, treatment requirements, and clinical outcomes. Patients were categorized based on viral etiology into adenovirus, influenza A, and RSV groups. Comparative analysis of clinical features, diagnostic findings, and outcomes was performed among the groups.

Results:A total of 90 children were included in the study, comprising 24 adenovirus cases, 18 influenza A cases, and 48 RSV cases. Male predominance was observed among children. Fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms across all groups. Difficulty in breathing and wheezing were more frequent among RSV cases. Elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis were more commonly observed in adenovirus infections. Chest X-ray abnormalities and oxygen therapy requirement were highest in RSV cases (83.3% and 66.7% respectively). Adenovirus infection was associated with the longest duration of hospital stay (7.4 ± 2.6 days) and accounted for the only recorded deaths in the study. Most patients across all groups were discharged successfully.

Conclusion:RSV was the most common etiological agent of SARI among children under five years of age and was associated with more severe respiratory manifestations. Adenovirus infections showed higher inflammatory response and longer hospitalization. Early diagnosis and effective supportive care are essential to reduce morbidity and improve clinical outcomes in pediatric SARI..